Units 13-14-15
1-اعطاء النصيحة Giving advice : :
1-فاعل + should / shouldn’t + مصدر الفعل.
Ex:
1-You should help poor people.
2-You shouldn’t eat too many sweets.
2-If I were you, I would / wouldn’t + مصدر الفعل.
Ex:
1-If I were you, I’d go to the doctor.
2-If I were Ashraf, I wouldn’t go out.
الاستجابة للنصيحة:
1-Yes, of course I will.
2-Yes, I think you're right.
2- اسلوب الشرط ( الحالة الثانية):
If + past simple + would / wouldn’t + مصدر الفعل.
Ex:
1-If I saw a dangerous snake, I’d run away.
2-I wouldn’t go out, if it rained today.
3-If I had a million pound, I would build a new factory.
4-If I were a bird, I’d fly all over the world.
5-What would you do if you had a lot of money?
تذكروا:
1-حالة الشرط الاولى: (If + present simple + will/will not + infinitive)
EX:
1-If he studies well, he will get high marks.
2-المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن افعال تحدث الان: ( subject +am-is-are+ v+ ing)
EX:
She is studing her lessons at the moment.
3-المبنى للمجهول فى المضارع البسيط: ( object +am-is-are +pp)
EX:
Many new schools are built every year.
4-المضارع التام :(subject +have-has +pp)
EX:
5-عند تقديم الاقتراحات: (Let’s + infinitive)
EX:
Let’s go to the park.
6-التعبير عن الضرورة و الالزام: (subject+ must/mustn't + infinitive)
Subject +have to/ has to + infinitive.) )
EX:
1-Soha must wash her hair and iron the clothes.
2-He has to put the car in the garage and pack the passports and tickets.
3-Nadia has to empty the fridge and water the plants.
للتعبير عن الالزام فى الماض (subject+ had to + infinitive)
EX:
1-Talal had to move the rock to see the treasure.
2-Yasser had to stay in the submarine.
للتعبير عن الضرورة و الالزام فى المستقبل subject+ will have to + infinitive
7-للتعبير عن شىء حدث و انتهى فى الماض As soon as +past simple + past simple
EX:
1-
8-عند التعبير عن شىء سوف يحدث فى المستقبلAs soon as +present simple+ will +infinitive
EX:
1-As soon as she cleans her room, she will take a shower.
2-As soon as I arrive home, I will have my lunch.
9-التعبير عن الاستطاعة فى المستقبل(subject + will be able to + infinitive)
EX:
1-We will be able to live on the moon in the future.
2-Man won't be able to do without water at all.
10-للتعبير عن شىء كان يحدث فى الماضى و لا يحدث الان(اثبات)subject +used to + infinitive
(نفى) subject + didn’t use to + infinitive
(استفهام) Did + subject +use to + infinitive?
Question word + did +subject +use to + infinitive?
EX:
1-When I was two or three years old, I used to go to bed at 9 o'clock.
2-I didn’t use to smoke when I was 15 years old.
3-What did you use to do during primary school.
4-Did you use to play any sport when you were 13?
11-نستخدمها فى نهاية الجملة المثبتة و تعنى ( ايضا ) و قد تاتى فى نهاية جملتين مثبتتين بنفس المعنى too .
EX:1-Salma worked hard, Nadia worked hard too.
2-Hesham likes coffee, Ahmed likes coffee too.
12-نستخدمها فى نهاية الجملة المنفية و تعنى ( ايضا ) و قد تاتى فى نهاية جملتين منفيتين بنفس المعنى either .
EX:1-Maha isn’t a teacher, Soha isn’t a teacher either.
2-Amir didn’t go to school yesterday, Samir didn’t go to school either.
13-تاتى بمعنى اثناء و ياتى بعدها اسم during + noun/ v+ ing
EX:1-During the match, the telephone rang.
2-My friend arrived, during having dinner.
Units 16-17-18-19
1- التحدث عن اشخاص او اشياء او اماكن غير محددة.
Positive Negative Interrogative
1-2-3- somethingشىء ما somewhereفى مكان ما الى مكان ما everywhere فى كل مكان someone احد ما somebodyشخص ما Everyoneكل واحد Everybodyكل شخص anythingعندما يكون الفعل منفيا nothingعندما يكون الفعل غير منفيا anywhere عندما يكون الفعل منفيا nowhere عندما يكون الفعل غير منفيا anyone no oneanybodynobody Anythingاى شىء anywhereالى مكان ما فى اى مكان anyoneاى احدanybodyاى شخص
EX:
1-I need to buy something for breakfast.
2-Ayman looked for his mobile phone everywhere.
3-I can't find my new book anywhere.
4-I couldn’t buy Grandma anything because I didn’t have any money.
5-She has nothing to do today, so she'll go shopping.
6-I put my book somewhere, but I can't remember where.
2-نستخدم some فى الجمل المثبتة قبل الاسماء المعدودة و الامعدودة وكذلك فى صيغة الاستفهام فى حالتى العرض و الطلب.EX:
1-She has got some pens. 2-I spent some money.
3-Would you like some tea? 4-May I have some meat, please?
3-نستخدم no بدلا من some بدون نفى الفعل:EX:
1-He has got no money.
2-There is no time for playing.
4-نستخدم any فى الجملة المنفية و الجملة الاستفهامية .EX:
1-Hani hasn’t got any money.
2-Have you got any money?
5- التعبيير عن الملكية للمفرد : الاسم المفرد +'s + الشىء المملوك
EX:
1-The boy's ball 2-The cat's eyes
3-I didn’t find my dictionary so I borrowed my friend's.
6- التعبير عن الملكية باستخدام صفات الملكية: EX
1-This is my book. 2-It is her camera.
3-That is our school. 4-They are their parents.
5-This is his mobile.
7-التعبير عن الملكية باستخدام ضمائر الملكية: EX
1-The book is mine. 2-The stories are theirs.
3-The dress is hers. 4-That ball is ours.
5-The toy is his.
8- التعبيير عن ملكية الجمع:
الاسم الجمع +s' + الشىء المملوك
1-The boys' ball. 2-The doctors' hospital. 3-The girls' school.
9-السؤال عن الملكية (whose)
EX:
1-Whose pens are these? 2-Whose toys are those?
3-Whose hat is that? 4-Whose books are those?
10- الصفات: وهى كلمات تآتى قبل الاسم الموصوف و تصفة وهى لا تجمع و لا تؤنث.
1-He is a lazy boy. 2-She is a beautiful girl.
11-مقارنة الصفات :
الصفات الطويلةlong adjectives الصفات القصيرةshort adjectives الدرجة
as + الصفة +as as + الصفة +as الاولى(التساوى)
المميز +more+الصفة+than+ الطرف الاخر المميز +less+الصفة+than+ الطرف الاخر المميز+الصفة+er + than +الطرف الاخر الثانية(تميز طرف على الاخر)
المميز عن الكل +the most+الصفة المميز عن الكل+the+الصفة+est الثالثة(المميز عن الكل)
good--better than--the best little—less than—the least bad—worse than—the worstmuch/many-more than-the most صفات غير منتظمة
EX:1-Football is the most popular game in Egypt.
2-I like swimming more than sailing.
3-Tennis is less interesting than basketball.
4-I think rally driving is the most expensive sport.
5-Rania in the cleverest girl in our family.
6-Doaa is as tall as Bassma.
هناك بعض الظروف توضع قبل الصفات لبيان درجاتها مثل:
1-veryجدا - 2-not very ليس جدا -3-quiteتما ما – 4-not ----at all ليس مطلقا
EX:1-I think football is very popular .
2- Amira thinks sailing is not very popular in Egypt.
3-Gehad thinks motor racing is quite popular these days.
4-Dina thinks karate is not dangerous at all.
12- by + v+ing الصيغة السابقة تآتى للتعبير عن كيفية عمل شىء ما.
EX: How do you win at football?
You win at football by scoring the most goals.
13-المضارع المستمر المبنى للمجهول (Object + am,is,are+being+pp)
EX:1-The curtains are being changed (by Nadia) on Wednesday.
2-The chairs are being delivered on Tuesday.
3-Our heater is being repaired at the moment.
14-المضارع التام المبنى للمجهول (Object + have, has +been +pp)
EX: 1-My new clothes haven’t been bought yet.
2-The computer has been repaired.
3-The car hasn’t been washed yet.
4-Ali’s car has been damaged in an accident.
يجب مراجعة زمن المضارع التام.
15- المستقبل البسيط المبنى للمجهول (Object + will be + pp)
EX: 1-The fish farms will be built during the next two years.
2-A programme about the new crops will be shown on Channel 2.
3-Osama will be given a medal for his hard work.
4-More information about the tomb will be given next week.
16-يمكن تكوين بعض الاسماء من الافعال عن طريق اضافة ما يلى:ment-y – ation -tion
Deliver-delivery/equip-equipment/navigate-navegation/evaporate/evaporation
17-اعطاء النصيحة بواسطة المبنى للمجهول (Object + should be + pp)
Children shouldn’t be allowed to sleep late.
18-نستخدم so لاضافة معلومة ردا على شخص فى الاثبات اما neither فنستخدمها فى حالة النفى
فى حالة عدم وجود افعال مساعدة بالجملة فاننا نستخدم do, does , did حسب زمن الجملة.
EX: 1-Amina is late for school and so is Omnia.
2-Hesham is a teacher and so am I.
3-Karim lives in Cairo and so does Ayman.
4-Norhan can’t speak French and neither can Faten.
5-Ramy didn’t play the match, and neither did Waleed.
19-التنبؤ بما سيحدث فى المستقبل (Subject + will + probably + infinitive)
You will probably put on weight, if you eat too many sweets.
20-too many يآتى بعدها اسم جمع معدود(اكثر من اللازم) اماtoo few
You shouldn’t eat too many sweets.
The boy is carrying too many books in his bag.
21-too much يآتى بعدها اسم جمع لا يعد (اكثر من اللازم)
Don’t take too much money with you.
She eats too much rice, that’s why she puts on weight recently.
22-enough كاف not enough – غير كاف + اسم جمع ( معدود او غير معدود)
I can’t buy the shoes because I haven’t got enough money.
There isn’t enough sugar to make juice.
23-الحوار التالى داخل عيادة الطبيب:
Doctor: What's wrong with you?
Patient: I've come about my -----------.
Doctor: What's wrong with it?
Patient: My -----is injured.
Doctor: How can I help you?
Patient: I can't sleep properly (well).
Doctor: How much exercise do you do?
What about your diet?
How many hours do you sleep?
24-تذكروا اعطاء النصيحة بواسطةshould / shouldn’t
25-كيفية السؤال عن الطريق الى مكان ما:
Excuse me, where is the ------------, please?
How do I get to the -----, please?
Could you tell me the way to the-----------, please?
Which direction is the--------------, please?
Excuse me, is there a -----------near here?
طريقة الاجابة (اعطاء الاتجاهات):
Take the (first, second) turning.
It's on the (right, left).
It's next to the-------------.
It's opposite the------------.
It's on the corner near the------.
It's between the-----------and the----------.
Walk down this road / street.
Go straight on past the ---------.
يمكن استخدام if الشرطية الحالة الاولى لبيلن الاتجاهات هكذا :
If you take the second turning on the right, you will get to the mosque.
26- طريقة الشكر:
Thank you very much. That’s kind of you.
Thanks a lot.
الرد على الشكر:
Don’t mention it.
You're welcome.
27-حروف الجرprepositions
Between بين اثنين – among بين اكثر من اثنين – next to بجانب/بجوار - opposite امام / مقابل
In front of امام –underتحت –towardsتجاة /ناحية –pastبمحاذاة -from---to—من—الى
Acrossعبر –
28-يستطيع ان/قادر على (مصدر)am/is/are able to+ infinitive = can +infinitive
29-الظروف adverbs : وهى كلمات تصف الفعل و تآتى بعده و تنتهى معظمها ب ly مثل :
Slowly - quietly – quickly – easily – suddenly – carefully – beautifully – happily – heavily –
توجد بعض الظروف الشاذة التى لا ينطبق عليها ما سبق مثل:fast/ fast – good/ well .
30-نستخدم الظروف (الاحوال) لكى نصف الطريقة التى نؤدى بها الاشياء كما يلى:
1-How did Ahmed run? He ran quickly.
2-How did Salma smile? She smiled happily.
3-How does your father drive? He drives carefully
