FinalRevision on grammar

عضو جديد

Remember

1-too many

There are too many cars on the road.

2-too few

I have got too few friends not many.

3-too much

I can’t eat this food, there's too much salt.

4-too little

She can't buy the dress because she's got too little money.

Possibilitiesالاحتمالات

5-will+ infفعل سوف يحدث بالتأكيد في المستقبل

My uncle will come from abroad tomorrow. I'm sure.

6-may+ inf فعل سيحدث بنسبة كبيرة في المستقبل غير مؤكد

The wedding party may be held next month. I'm not sure.

7-might+ inf فعل يمكن حدوثه في المستقبل بنسبة ضعيفة

I don’t think so / it’s possible

Al ahly might win the match, it’s possible.

8-won’t+ inf فعل مؤكد عدم حدوثه

I'm sure / its certain

He won't come to the party. I'm sure.

9-a lot of / manyكثير من ( مع الأسماء التي تقبل الجمع)

10-a lot of / much كثير من ( مع الأسماء التي لا تجمع)

11-many/much---more than ----the most

12-fewقليل يعد ---fewer than-----the fewest.

13-little قليل لا يعد ----less than-----the least.

14-obligation التعبير عن الضرورة و الإلزام

*I- he- she- it- we- you- they------must+ infفي المضارع

I- we- you- they -------have to + inf

He- she- it --------has to + inf

I have to change the tyre because there's a hole in it.

* I- he- she- it- we- you- they------had to +infفي ألماض

He had to pump up the tyre.

15-lack of necessityالتعبير عن عدم الضرورة

*I-we- you- they------don’t have to+infفي المضارع

He- she- it-----doesn’t have to+inf

You don’t have to take a taxi, the station is near.

* I- he- she- it- we- you- they------didn’t have to+infفي ألماض

She didn’t have to buy a new light bulb.

16-Prohibition التعبير عن المنع أو التحريم

I- he- she- it- we- you- they------mustn't+inf

You mustn’t park here.

17-the passive voice المبنى للمجهول مع الأزمنة المختلفة

* Object + am/is/are +pp 1-المضارع البسيط المبنى للمجهول

Crops are planted by farmers.

*Object + am/is/are + being + pp 2-المضارع المستمر المبنى للمجهول

The match is being watched on TV by us.

*Object + was / were +pp 3-ألماض البسيط المبنى للمجهول

The pyramids were built by the pharaohs.

*Object + was / were +being +pp4-ألماض المستمر المبنى للمجهول

The dishes were being washed when you phoned.

*Object + have / has +been +pp 5-المضارع التام المبنى للمجهول

Lunch has been cooked by mum.

*Object + had +been +pp 6-ألماض التام المبنى للمجهول

*Object + will be +pp7- المستقبل البسيط المبنى للمجهول

A new hospital will be built in our village next year.

*Object + am/is/are +going to be + pp

Sweets are going to be bought by Esraa.

*Object + الفعل الناقص + be + pp 8-المبنى للمجهول مع الأفعال الناقصة

The housework can be done this afternoon.

18-Deduction(present / past)الاستنتاج (مضارع/ماض)

*must + infاستنتاج مؤكد في المضارع (لدى شعور بذلك )

*can’t + inf استنتاج منفى فى المضارع

It can’t be his car. It’s being fixed.

*may + infفعل محتمل الحدوث

Tamer doesn’t come today, he may be ill. I'm not sure.

might + infفعل احتمال حدوثه ضعيف

This car might be Japanese. It’s possible.

*must have + ppاستنتاج مؤكد في ألماض(لدى شعور بذلك)

He must have forgotten his mobile at home.

*can’t have + ppاستنتاج منفى في ألماض

This is his passport. He can’t have travelled abroad.

*may have + ppاستنتاج فعل محتمل حدوثه في ألماض

I can’t find my keys. I may have left them at home.

*might have +ppاستنتاج فعل ضعيف الحدوث في ألماض

They were late. They might have lost the train.

19-Some conjunctions and their use بعض الروابط و استخداماتها

*present sentence + so that+فاعل +can/may +infفي المضارع (للتعبير عن الغرض)

He sleeps early so that he can get up early.

*past sentence + so that +فاعل +could/might + infفي ألماض (للتعبير عن الغرض)

We visited the zoo so that we could see some wild animals.

*as/while/just as +ماض مستمر +ماض بسيط (للتعبير عن حدث قطعه حدث آخر)

As I was studying, the phone rang.

*during+ noun/noun phrase (أثناء/ خلال)

During the film, the light went out.

ملحـــــــــــــــــوظة هــــــــــــــــــــــــــامه جــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــدا

يمكن أن تأتىas/while/just as في الجملة ويطلب استخدام during بدلا من اى منهم ا العكس .

EX:

1-While we were watching the match, the light went out. (during)

During the match, the light went out.

2-During the film, she fell asleep. (While)

While she was watching the film, she fell asleep.

*as soon as + had+ pp _______ past simple.بمجرد ان

He went to bed as soon as he had finished his homework.

before + past simple_____________ had + pp.قبل

Before he went to bed he had finished his homework.

*After + had +pp_______________ past simple

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

*by the time + past simple + had + pp

* not only------but also.تستخدم لربط جملتين

1-إذا كان فاعل الجملتين واحد و الفعلين مختلفين

فاعل + not only + verb------------but + فاعل + also + verb.

Hesham bought a new camera. He bought a new mobile too.

Hesham not only bought a new camera but he also bought a new mobile.

2-إذا كان فاعلي الجملتين مختلفين و الفعل واحد في الجملتين.

Not only + فاعل (1) but also + فاعل(2) + verb +----------.

Omar bought a new car. Mohamed bought a new car.

Not only Omar but also Mohamed bought a new car.

لاحظـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــوا مـــــــــــــــــا يلي:

إذا استخدمنا فعل يكون أو يملك فى جملتين لهما فاعلين مختلفين فعند الربط نستخدم شكل الفعل حسب فاعل الجملة الثانية كما يلي :

Dina is a doctor. Amany is a doctor .

Not only Dina but also Amany is a doctor.

*both ----------and كلا من (فاعلين مختلفين و فعل واحد)

Both Dina and Amany are doctors.

لاحــــــــــظوا تحويل الفعلis لصيغة الجمعare عند الربط ب both ----and